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tImgnbnd¨nsImïpÅ hn`h§Ä
tImgnbnd¨nbpw ap«bpw D]tbmKn¨psImïv hnhn[ `£y hn`h§Ä ]mNIw sN¿m\mIpw. A¯c¯nð hn`h§Ä X¿mdm¡pó coXnbmWv Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡póXv.
| Xïqcn Nn¡³ |
| NnñnNn¡³ |
| kvss]kn Nn¡³ |
| jmPlm\n Nn¡³ |
| apKvfmbv Nn¡³ |
| tImgn Np«Xv |
| Ac¸nñm¯ tImgn¸pemh |
| tImgnbnd¨n¨mdvv |
Xïqcn Nn¡³
tNÀt¡ï hn`h§Ä
t{_mbneÀ tImgn |
Hóv |
sNdp\mc§ \ocv |
cïp henb kv]q¬ |
hnómKncn |
cïv |
Gebv¡m |
\mev |
Idphm¸« |
Hcp IjvWw |
{Km¼q |
\mev |
IpcpapfIv |
Bdv |
añns¸mSn |
Hcp sNdnb kv]q¬ |
PocIw |
Hcp sNdnb kv]q¬ |
DW¡apfIps]mSn |
Hcp henb kv]q¬ |
shfp¯pÅn |
12 Añn |
Côn |
Hcp IjvWw |
]¨ I¸f§ (]¸mb) |
ap¡mð Côv hoXnbpw Hóc Côv \ofhpw DÅ Hcp IjvWw |
ssXcv |
cïp henb kv]q¬ |
s\¿v |
Hóc henb kv]q¬ |
]mIw sN¿pó hn[w
tImgnbpsS AI¯pÅsXñmw Ifªv hr¯nbm¡nbtijw sXmen Dcnªv amäWw. shÅabw Dsï¦nð Hcp XpWn sImïv XpS¡Ww. s\ôv, XpS apXemb Zi sImïpÅ CSw I¯nsImïv hcbWw.
Fñm tNcphIfpw hn\mKncn sXm«v t\Àabmbn Ac¡Ww. Hcp Acn¸bnð Hcp IjvWw XpWnbn«v AXnð ssXscmgn¨v shÅw amänbXpw ]mI¯n\v D¸v hän¨Xpw, \mc§m\ocpw tNÀ¯v Acs¨Sp¯ tNcphIÄ Ipg¡Ww. tImgnbpsS AI¯pw ]pd¯pw CXp ]pc«n Atôm Btdm aWn¡qÀ shbv¡Ww.
tImgnsb Hcp ]có ]m{X¯nð Hmh\nð sh¨v tdmÌv sN¿Ww. CSbv¡nsS shfnbnð FSp¯v ]m{X¯nepÅ Ac¸v tImgnbpsS aosX ]pc«pIbpw Að]w s\¿v tX¡pIbpw sN¿Ww. A{]Imcw tImgn sh´v samcnbpóXp hsc sNbvX tijw NqtSmsS D]tbmKn¡mw. \ndw thïhÀ Ac¸nsâ IqsS Að]w X¡mfn IfÀ IqSn tNÀ¡Ww.
tImgn hep¸w IqSnbXmsW¦nð Bhnbnð thhn¨tijw hcªv Ac¸v ]pc«n tað]dª coXnbnð sN¿mhpóXmWv.
NnñnNn¡³
tNcphIÄ
t{_mbneÀ tImgn |
Hcp Intem {Kmw (Hóv) |
ap« |
Hóv |
sh® |
2 henb kv]q¬ |
X¡mfn |
100 {Kmw |
hn\mKncn |
2 sNdnb kv]q¬ |
tkmbmtkmkv |
2 sNdnb kv]q¬ |
]¨apfIv |
8 |
shfp¯nÅn |
1 henb kv]q¬ |
Côn sIm¯nbcnªXv |
1 henb kv]q¬ |
ISeamhv |
Ac I¸v |
IpcpapfIv s]mSn |
Imð sNdnb kv]q¬ |
apfIv s]mSn |
Ac sNdnb kv]q¬ |
]«, {Km¼q (s]mSn¨Xv) |
Imð sNdnb kv]q¬ |
D¸v |
Bhiy¯n\v |
hdp¡póXn\v |
]mNI F® |
]mIw sN¿pó hn[w
hr¯nbm¡nb tImgnsb IjvW§fmbn apdn¡Ww. Hcp sNdnb kv]q¬ hn\mKncn, apfIv, IpcpapfIv, akmes¸mSnIÄ, ISes¸mSn, ap« Chsbñmw tbmPn¸n¨v tImgn¡jvW§fnð ]pc«n ap¡mð aWn¡qÀ t\cw sh¡Ww. AXn\ptijw F® aq¸n¨v AXnð IjvW§Ä IptdsÈbmbn aq¸n¨v tImcWw. thsdmcp ]m{X¯nð sh®bn«v AXnð sNdnb IjvW§fm¡nb shfp¯pÅn, ]¨apfIv, Côn Ch hdp¡Ww. sämamtäm Acn¸bnð IqSn tX¨nd¡nb \qdv, tkmbmtkmkv, _m¡n hn\mKncn, ]mI¯n\v D¸v Ch IqSn tbmPn¸n¨tijw, hdp¯ tImgn¡jvW§Ä C«v Cf¡n Nmdv häpt¼mÄ D]tbmKn¡mw.kvss]kn Nn¡³
tNÀt¡ï hn`h§Ä
t{_mbneÀ tImgn |
1 |
]mNI F® |
\mev henb kv]q¬ |
khmf AcnªXv |
Hóc I¸v |
shfp¯pÅn NX¨Xv |
Hcp henb kv]q¬ |
Côn Ac¨Xv |
cïp sNdnb kv]q¬ |
DW¡apfIv |
15 |
X¡mfn Ac¨Xv |
Imð I¸v |
Idphm¸« |
Hcp IjvWw |
{Km¼q |
5 |
hn\mKncn |
Hcp henb kv]q¬ |
D¸v |
Bhiy¯n\v |
]mIw sN¿pó hn[w
DW¡apfInsâ sXmen am{Xw FSp¯v Acbv¡Ww. sämamtämbpsS Ipcphpw Nmdpw amänbtijw Zi Acbv¡Ww. tImgnsb hr¯nbm¡nb tijw CjvSapÅ hen¸¯nð apdn¡Ww. Hcp ]m{X¯nð tImgn¡jvWw cïp I¸v shÅw tNÀ¯v ASp¸¯v sh¨v thhn¨v aqóp XpSw NmtdmSpIqSn hm§Ww. Nmdnð \nópw IjvWw FSp¯v amän hbv¡Ww.
Hcp No\¨«ntbm, sNdnb Dcpfntbm ASp¸¯v sh¨v ]mNIF® Hgn¨v khmf aq¸n¨v tImcWw. ]nóoSv tImgn¡jW§Ä C«v Cf¡n Nph¸n¡Ww. ]«bpw {Km¼phpw NX¨ shfp¯pÅnbpwC«v Cf¡Ww. Ac¸v aq¯tijw khmf hdp¯Xpw hn\mKncnbpw sämamsämbpw tbmPn¸n¨v Nmdv tNÀ¯v hän¨p NqtSmsS D]tbmKn¡mw.jmPlm\n Nn¡³
tNÀt¡ï hn`h§Ä
hr¯nbm¡nb tImgn¡jW§Ä |
ap¡mð In.{Kmw |
]¨apfIv |
\mev |
häð apfIv |
Aôv |
añn |
Hóc henb kv]q¬ |
shfp¯pÅn |
Hcp sNdnb kv]q¬ |
Côn |
Hcnôv IjWw |
aªÄ s]mSn |
Hcp sNdnb kv]q¬ |
PocIw |
Hcp sNdnb kv]q¬ |
Gebv¡m |
Ggv |
IpcpapfIv |
Ccp]Xv |
Idphs¸« |
Hcnôv IjvWw |
{Km¼q |
]¯v |
F®/s\¿v |
5 henb kv]q¬ |
ssXcv |
Hcp I¸v |
sNdp \mc§m \ocv |
Hóc henb kv]q¬ |
DW¡ap´ncn§ |
cïp henb kv]q¬ |
Iiphïn ]cn¸v |
cïp henb kv]q¬ |
tImgn ap« ]pgp§nbXv |
aqóv |
khmf t\À½bmbn AcnªXv |
Hóc I¸v |
añnbne s]mSnbmbn AcnªXv |
cïp henb kv]q¬ |
]ôkmc |
Ac sNdnb kv]q¬ |
D¸v |
]mI¯n\v |
]mIw sN¿pó hn[w
shfp¯pÅn, PocIw, Aôv {Km¼q, ]¯v IpcpapfIv, cïv Ge¡m, PmXn¡pcp Ch Hón¨pw DW¡apfIv, ]¨apfIv, añn, aªÄ Ch Hón¨v thsdbpw Acbv¡Ww.
Hcp ]m{X¯nð s\¿v Hgn¨v, ap´ncn, Iiphïn Ch hdp¯ptImcWw. ]ôkmc C«v Nphóv ]Xªp s]m§pt¼mÄ ]¯p IpcpapfIv, Aôv Ge¡m, Idphm¸«, Aôv {Km¼q Ch C« tijw khmf aq¸n¨v Nph¸n¡Ww. ]nóoSv PocIw apXembh Ac¸n«p hgänbtijw _m¡n Ac¸p aq¸n¡Ww. tImgn¡jvW§Ä C«v Cf¡n \ómbn hgäWw. ssXcpw \mc§m\ocpw ]mI¯n\p¸pw tNÀ¯v {]jÀIp¡dnemsW¦nð AS¨p \ómbn Bhn hótijw GItZiw 25 an\näv thhn¡Ww. km[mcW ]m{X¯nemsW¦nð tImgnbpsS aq¸\pkcn¨v thIm³ Bhiyamb shÅw tNÀ¡Ww.
Ipgª ]cph¯nð NmtdmSpIqSn Hcp ]m{X¯nð hnf¼nbtijw ap« IjvWam¡nbXpw hdp¯ km[\§fpw \nc¯Ww. añnbnebpw ]pd¯p hnXdnbtijw NqtSmsS D]tbmKn¡mw.
apKvfmbv Nn¡³
tNÀt¡ï hn`h§Ä
tImgn |
Hóv |
DW¡apfIv |
]{´ïv |
Côn |
cïp henb IjWw |
shfp¯pÅn |
Hcp sNdnb kv]q¬ |
aRÄ |
Hcp IjvWw |
khmf AcnªXv |
cïc I¸v |
s\¿v Asñ¦nð F® |
\mev henb kv]q¬ |
Dcpf¡ng§v IjWw |
Hóc I¸v |
_Zmw AYhm Iiphïn \pdp¡v |
Ac I¸v |
ssXcv |
Hcp I¸v |
]mIw sN¿pó hn[w
tImgnbnd¨n CjvSapÅ hep¸¯nð \pdp¡nb tijw IgpIn ]ngnªpsh¡Ww.
DW¡apfIv, Côn, aªÄ, shfp¯pÅn Ch Hcpan¨pw Iiphïn thsdbpw Acbv¡Ww. ssXcnð ]mI¯n\v D¸v tNÀ¯v Ac¸p Ie¡n tImgn¡jWw Hcp aWn¡qÀ t\cw ]pc«n hbv¡Ww.
Hcp ]m{X¯nð Afhp s\¿v Hgn¨v khmf aq¸n¨v hdp¡Ww. ]nóoSv tImgn¡jvW§Ä C«v Cf¡nbtijw NmdpIqsS tNÀ¡Ww. Aïn Ac¨Xv cïp I¸v shůnð Ie¡n, AXpw tNÀ¯v Idn Xnf¸n¨Xn\ptijw thIpóXn\v t\cnb Xobnð CSWw.
Dcpf¡ng§v GItZiw ap¡menôv kaNXpc¯nð apdn¨v thsd Ipd¨v F®bnð hdp¯v tImcn Idnbnð CSWw. Idn IpdpInb tijw CjvSapÅhÀ¡v Ac I¸p añnbne s]mSnbmbn AcnªXpw tbmPn¸n¨v Idn Hcp Unjnð hnf¼nb tijw cïv ap« ]pgp§nbXv IjvW§fm¡n Idnbnð \nc¯n D]tbmKn¡mw.
tImgn Np«Xv
tNÀt¡ï hn`h§Ä
t{_mbneÀ tImgn |
Hóv |
tX§m¸oc |
2.5 I¸v |
añns¸mSn |
aqóv henb Snkv]q¬ |
hdp¯apfIv s]mSn |
aqóv henb Snkv]q¬ |
NphópÅn IodnbXv |
Hóc I¸v |
shfp¯pÅn |
Hcp IjvWw |
Idnth¸ne |
Bhiy¯n\v |
Idphm¸« |
cïp IjvWw |
{Km¼q |
F«v |
s]cpôocIw |
Ac sNdnb kv]q¬ |
X¡mfn |
hepXv cïv |
D¸v |
]mI¯n\v |
s\¿v |
\mev henb Snkv]q¬ |
]mIw sN¿pó hn[w
tImgnbnd¨n hr¯nbm¡n Hcp hn[w IjW§fm¡n \pdp¡Ww. Idnsh¸e, NphópÅn, shfp¯pÅn, {Km¼q, ]«, s]cpôocIw Ch Iñnðsh¨v \ómbn NXbv¡Ww. añn, apfIv Ch Acbv¡Ww.tX§m¸oc t\cnb Xobnð hdp¯v shÅw sXmSmsX Acbv¡Ww. sämamtäm sNdpXmbn AcnªXpw ]mI¯n\v NX¨Xpw Ac¸pIfpw tImgn¡jW§fpw, s\¿pambn tbmPn¸n¨ tijw Hcp Aepan\nbw ]m{X¯nð AaÀ¯nsh¨v ]m{Xw ASbv¡Ww. ASnbnepw apIfnepw Xo¡\en«v CSbv¡nSbv¡v Cf¡n adn¨v thhn¡Ww. At¸mgs¯ D]tbmK¯n\msW¦nð Ipgª ]cph¯nepw cïp Znhkw Ccn¡Wsa¦nð apgph³ Nmdpw tXmÀ¯nbpw FSp¡mw. kuIcyapÅhÀ¡v t_mÀ½bnð h¨v ]mIs¸Sp¯mw.
Ac¸nñm¯ tImgn¸pemhv
tNÀt¡ï hn`h§Ä
tImgnbnd¨n |
3/4 |
Acn |
aqóv I¸v |
]¨¸«mWn |
Hóc I¸v |
s]mSnbmbn Acnª añnbne |
Hcp I¸v |
s]mSnbmbn Acnª ]¨apfIv |
\mep henb kv]q¬ |
s]mSnbmbn Acnª shfp¯pÅn |
Hcp henb kv]q¬ |
s]mSnbmbn Acnª Côn |
Hcp henb kv]q¬ |
X¡mfn IjWw |
cïp I¸v |
t\À½bmbn Acnª khmf |
\mev I¸v |
]ôkmc |
Hcp sNdnb kv]q¬ |
Idphm¸« |
cïp IjWw |
Ge¡m, {Km¼q |
10 hoXw |
s\¿v |
ap¡mð I¸v |
\mc§m \ocv |
Hcp henb kv]q¬ |
D¸v |
]mI¯n\v |
]mIw sN¿pó hn[w
Hcp ]m{X¯nð Ac¡¸v s\¿v aq¸n¨v ]ôkmcbnSWw. Nphóp ]Xªp XpS§pt¼mÄ khmfbn«v aq¸n¡Ww. ]nóoSv ]« apXembh tNÀ¯ tijw sämamtäm Hgn¨pÅ Acnª km[\§Ä Fñmw tNÀ¯v hgäWw. AXn\ptijw sämamtäm C«v Cf¡n Nmdv hän Ipgªv hcpt¼mÄ tImgn¡jW§Ä tNÀ¯v hgäWw. aqóv I¸v shÅhpw ]mI¯n\p¸pw tNÀ¯v ]m{Xw AS¨v Cd¨n thhn¡Ww.
thsdmcp ]m{X¯nð _m¡n s\¿v Hgn¨v IgpInhmcn tXmÀ¯nb Acn C«v Cf¡n \ndw t]mImsX hdp¯tijw tImgnbnð \nópÅ Nmdv tNÀ¯v GItZiw Aôv I¸v NqSpshÅhpw \mc§m\ocpw, D¸pw Hgn¡Ww. Xnf¨v tNmdv thhpIbdn s]m§n hcpt¼mÄ Cd¨nbpw ]«mWnbpw tbmPn¸n¨v Xo apgph³ ]ncn¨v, Bhn t]mIm¯ hn[w ]m{Xw tNÀ¯S¨v aosXbpw Að]w I\ð C«v tXmÀó tijw D]tbmKn¡mw.
tImgnbnd¨n¨mdvv
tNcphIÄ
FtñmSpIqSnb tImgnbnd¨n |
1000 {Kmw |
shfp¯pÅn, Nphó apfIv s]mSn |
15 {Kmw hoXw |
Idp¯ IpcpapfIv s]mSn, s]cpw PocIw |
5 {Kmw hoXw |
Côn, aªÄ s]mSn |
10 {Kmw hoXw |
{Km¼q, Gebv¡m, Idphm¸«(s]mSn¨Xv) |
15 {Kmw hoXw |
D¸v |
Bhiy¯n\v |
\sñ® |
300 an.en |
hn\mKncn |
100 an.en |
]mIw sN¿pó hn[w
Fñp \o¡w sN¿m¯ tImgnbnd¨n sNdpIjW§fm¡n aªÄ s]mSnbpw D¸pw tNÀ¯v Ipd¨p t\cw hbv¡pI. tijw Ipd¨v shÅw tNÀ¯v thhn¡pI. \ñt]mse sh´p Ignªmð amän shbv¡pI. Ipd¨p \sñ®sbSp¯v NqSm¡pI. CXnð Cd¨n IjW§fn«v \ñ t]mse Cf¡n t¨À¡pI. hoïpw amän shbv¡pI. _m¡nbpÅ \sñ®IqSn NqSm¡n AXnð hn\mKncn HgnsIbpÅ Fñm tNcphIfpw tNÀ¯v Cf¡n NqSm¡pI. CXnte¡v ap³]v NqSm¡n amänsh¨ Cd¨nIjW§fn«v Cf¡n tNÀ¡pI. Ipd¨v kab¯n\ptijw `cWnbnsemgn¨v sh¡pI. NqSmdnb tijw hn\mKncn Hgn¨v AS¨pshbv¡pI. ctïm aqtóm Znhk§Ä¡ptijw cpNnt\m¡mw.
Last updated: 4-12-2006
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