s\ñv

tcmK§Ä

IpanÄ tcmK§Ä

1. Ipehm«w (Blast)

hmbphneqsSbpw, hn¯neqsSbpamWv tcmKkw{IaWw. CeIfnð ImWpó \oeIeÀó Xhn«p\nd¯nepÅ ]pÅn¡p¯pIfmWv Cu tcmK¯nsâ BZye£Ww. {ItaW Ch hepXmbn GXmïv I®nsâ BIrXnbnð \Sphnð Nmc\ndhpw Npäpw Xhn«p\ndhpambn Xocpóp. A\pIqe]cnXØnXnbnð Cu ]pÅn¡p¯pIÄ IqSnt¨Àóv Ce apgph³ Icnbpóp. IXnÀ \nc¡pó kab¯mWv tcmK_m[ DïmIpósX¦nð IXncnsâ Igp¯v `mK¯v Xhn«pIeÀó Idp¸p\ndw BhpIbpw AhnsSh¨v IXncv HSnªpt]mhpIbpw sN¿póp. CXns\bmWv Ipehm«w Fóv ]dbpóXv. Ipehm«w _m[n¨ IXncnse s\³aWnIÄ an¡hmdpw ]Xncmbncn¡pw.

2. t]mftcmKw (Sheath blight)

CXpsamcp IpanÄtcmKamWv. tcmKtlXphmb Ipanfn\v a®nð hÀj§tfmfw Pohn¡m³ Ignbpw. s\ðsNSnbpsS Gähpw ]pdtabpÅ HmeIÄ aª\ndamIpóXmWv s]s«óv ImWpó e£Ww. IS`mKw t\m¡nbmð Pe\nc¸n\v sXm«papIfnembn Cet¸mfIfnð Idp¯ ]mSpIÄ ImWmw. Nnet¸mÄ Xnf¨ shÅw hoWv s]mÅnbXpt]mepÅ Nmc\ndw IeÀó Cfw ]¨]mSpIfmbncn¡pw. Cu ]mSpIÄ {ItaW Xïpapgph³ hym]n¨v CeIfntebv¡pw ]Scmw. A§s\hómð t]mfIfpw CeIfpw AgpIn hnf sam¯ambpw \in¡m³ CSbpïv. IXncv hcpó {]mb¯nemWv tcmK_m[sb¦nð IXncv hcmXncn¡pItbm, AYhm hómð Xsó aWnIÄ ]XncmhpItbm sN¿pw.

3. t]mf AgpIð (Sheath rot)

IXncv hcpó kab¯mWv tcmKw {]Xy£s¸SpóXv. Hómw hnfbnð sshIn \Spó Ahkc§fnð Cu tcmKw IqSpXð ImWpóp. IXncns\ s]mXnªphcpó t]mfbnð Idp¯tXm Xhn«p\nd¯nepÅtXm Bb ]mSpIÄ DïmIpóXmWv BZye£Ww. {ItaW t]mf AgpIpIbpw sN¿pw. AgpInb t]mfIÄ¡pÅnð shfp¯ \nd¯nepÅ ]q¸ð ImWmw.

4. Xhn«p]pÅnIp¯v (Brown spot)

Hómw hnfbpsS Ahkm\ L«¯nemWv tcmKw km[mcW ImWpóXv. Fómð cïmw hnfbnð RmäSnbnð Xsó tcmK_m[bpïmImw. RmäSnbnð Cu tcmKw hómð Rmdv Icnªv \in¨v t]mIm\nSbpïv. s\tñmeIfnð AWvUmIrXnbntem, hr¯mIrXnbntem ImWpó Xhn«p\nd¯nepÅ sNdnb ]pÅn¡p¯pIfmWv tcmKe£Ww. ]pÅnIÄ¡v Npäpw aª\ndhpw ImWmw. s\òWnIsfbpw tcmKw _m[n¡mw. s\òWnIfnð Idp¯]pÅnIÄ ImWmhpóXmWv. hn¯neqsSbpw hmbphneqsSbpamWv tcmKkw{IaWw.

5. hoXnIpdª Xhn«p]pÅn¡p¯v (Narrow brown spot)

s\ðs¨SnbpsS GXp hfÀ¨mL«¯nepw Cu tcmKw _m[n¡msa¦nepw km[mcWbmbn Ahkm\L«¯nemWv IqSpXð ImWpóXv. t]cv kqNn¸n¡póXpt]mse Xhn«p\nd¯nð hoXnIpdªv GXmïv 2 apXð 10 an.aoäÀ hsc \of¯nepÅ hcIfmWv tcmKe£Ww. hn¯neqsSbpw hmbphneqsSbpw tcmKw kw{Ian¡mw.

6. Ìm¡v t_¬ (Stackburn)

hfsc sNdnbtXmXnð am{Xw ImWpó tcmKamWnXv. CeIfnð Xhn«p\nd¯nð hr¯mIrXnbntem, ZoÀLhr¯mIrXnbntem DÅ ]mSpIÄ DïmIpóXmWv BZye£Ww. ]nóoSv Cu s]m«pIfpsS a²y`mKw Cfw Xhn«p\nd¯ntem, shÅ\nd¯ntem Bbn¯ocpw. s\òWnIfnepw ISpw Xhn«p\nd¯ntem, Cfw ]n¦v \nd¯ntem DÅ s]m«pIÄ ImWmw.

7. eo^vkvImÄSv (Leaf scald)

CebpsS Aä¯v\ntóm hi§fnð \ntóm XpS§pó ZoÀLhr¯mIrXnbnepÅ Peknàamb ]mSpIfmWv {]mcw`e£Ww. ]nóoSv Cu ]mSpIfnð CShn«v ISpw Xhn«p\nd¯nepw, Cfw Xhn«p\nd¯nepw XncameIÄ t]msebpÅ hcIÄ DïmIpóp.

8. e£vao tcmKw (False smut)

IXncnsâ Nne aWnIfnð am{XamWv km[mcWbmbn tcmK_m[bpïmhpI. tcmKw _m[n¨ s\òWnIÄ AXnsâ Cc«ntbmfw hen¸¯nð tKmfmIrXnbnð Ipanfnsâ kvt]mdpIfpsS Iq«ambn amdpóp. BZyw aª\ndapÅ aWnIÄ¡v {ItaW ]¨\ndtam Idp¸p\ndtam BIpóp. IÀjIÀ¡nSbnð CXv hmcn¸phv Fódnbs¸Spóp. CXv sFizcy¯nsâ {]XoIamsWópw, ASp¯ Irjnbnð \ñ hnfhnsâ kqNIamsWópw ]eIÀjIÀ¡nSbnepw hnizmkapïv. AXpsImïpXsó Cu tcmKw e£vao tcmKw Fó t]cnepw Adnbs¸Spóp.

9. DUv_¯ (Udbatha)

CSp¡n, hb\mSv PnñIfnse DbÀó {]tZi§fnð aq¸pIqSnb C\§fnemWv Cu tcmKw km[mcWbmbn ImWpóXv. \ñ IXncn\v ]Icw s\òWnIsfñmw ]Xncmbn ]ckv]cw H«n]nSn¨v Nµ\¯ncn t]msebpÅ IXncmWv ]pd¯v hcnI. BZyw Chbv¡v Nmc\ndhpw, ]nóoSv Idp¯ \ndhpw Bbncn¡pw.

10. aqSpNobð (_¡ms\ AYhm Foot rot)

RmäSnbnepw BZyhfÀ¨mL«§fnepw sNSnIÄ¡v Akm[mcWamb coXnbnð Dbcw hbv¡póXmWv {][m\e£Ww. sNSnIÄ timjn¨v aªfn¨ncn¡póXmbpw a®n\v apIfnepÅ aqSpIfnð \óv thcpIÄ hfcpóXmbpw ImWmw. Nn\¸pIÄ IpdbpIbpw, IXncv ]Xncmbn t]mhpIbpw sN¿pw. hn¯neqsSbmWv tcmKkw{IaWw.

_mIvSocnb aqeapïmIpó tcmK§Ä

1. _mIvSocnb aqeapïmIpó Icn¨nð (Bacterial leaf blight)

{IkIv (hm«w), Hme¡cn¨nð, aªfn¸v FónhbmWv tcmKe£W§Ä. ]dn¨v\«v cïpaqómgvN Ime¯mWv {IkIv AYhm hm«¯nsâ e£Ww ImWpóXv. Bcw`Zibnð ]pdtabpÅ CeIÄ hmSn AgpIn shůnð ]mdn\S¡póXv ImWmw. ]nóoSv sNSnIÄ aªfn¡pIbpw, apgph\mbn hmSn AgpIn t]mhpIbpw sN¿póp. {IkIv _m[n¨ sNSnIfpsS \m¼v hen¨mð Ducnt¸mcnñ FóXmWv XïpXpc¸sâ B{IaWhpw Cu tcmKhpw X½nð thÀXncn¨dnbm\pÅ amÀ¤w.

HmeIcn¨nepw aªfn¸pw km[mcWbmbn PqsseþBKÌv amk§fnemWv {]Xy£s¸SpóXv. sImSntbme{]mbw apXemWv tcmK_m[ IqSpXð ImWpóXv. CebpsS Aä¯v\nópw XpS§pó aªfn¸mWv HmeIcn¨nensâ {]mcw`e£Ww. Cu aªfn¸v Ccphi§fneqsS Xmtgbv¡v hym]n¡pIbpw, {ItaW Hmeapgph³ IcnbpIbpw sN¿pw. hn¯neqsSbpw, shůneqsSbpamWv tcmKkw{IaWw. agbpw sNdnb Imäpw, Xmgvó Xm]\nebpw (22 Un{Kn apXð 26 Un{Kn skðjykv) tcmKhÀ²\hn\v A\pIqe LSI§fmWv. CeIfnepÅ kqjvac{Ô§fnepsSbpw, CeIfnepw thcpIfnepw DïmIpó apdnhpIfneqsSbpw BWv _mIvSocnb sNSnIfnð {]thin¡póXv. ]dn¨p\Spt¼mÄ Rmdnsâ Xe¸v apdn¡póXpw a®v t]mIm³ thïn Rmdnsâ IS XñpóXpw tcmK_m[bv¡v CSbm¡pw.

\nb{´Ww

1. 20 {Kmw ]¨NmWIw 1 enäÀ shůnð Ie¡nb emb\nbpsS sXfn Xfn¡pI.
2. »o¨nwKv ]uUÀ slIvSdn\v 5 In.{Kmw Fó tXmXnð shÅNmepIfnð IngnsI«nbnSpI. CXv tcmKw ]IcmXncn¡póXn\v klmbn¡pw; {]tXyIn¨pw {IkIv (hm«) L«¯nð
3. Bân_tbm«n¡pIÄ D]tbmKn¨pw tcmKw \nb{´n¡mw.

2. _mIvSocnbð eo^v kv{So¡v (Bacterial leaf streak)

hfsc \nÊmcamb tXmXnð am{Xw ImWpó tcmKamWnXv. s\tñmeIfnð Ce Rc¼pIÄ¡v kam´cambnImWpó sNdnb t\À¯hcIfmWv Cu tcmK¯nsâ e£Ww.

sshdkv tcmK§Ä

1. {KmÊnÌïv

s\ðs¨Sn AanXambn apcSn¡póXpw Nn\¸vs]m«epïmIpóXpamWv {][m\ tcmKe£W§Ä. CeIÄ sNdpXmhpIbpw hoXnIpdªv hnfÀ¯v GXmïv ]pñnsâ BIrXnbnð Bbn¯ocpIbpw sN¿póp. CeIfnð Xpcp¼v t]msebpÅ Ip¯pIfpw ImWmw. tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnIÄ IXncnSpIbnñ. apªbmWv tcmKtlXphmb sshdÊns\ ]c¯póXv.

2. Xpwt{Km

Xpwt{Km tcmKw _m[n¨s\ðs¨SnIfpsS CeIÄ aªIeÀó Hmdôv \ndamIpóp. sNSnIfpsS hfÀ¨ apcSn¡pIbpw, Nn\¸vs]m«ð IpdbpIbpw sN¿pw. aªfn¸v A§n§mbn am{Xta ImWpIbpÅp. aq¯CeIfnð Xhn«p\nd¯nð Xpcp¼p]nSn¨ t]msebpÅ Ip¯pIÄ ImWmw. aªfn¨ CeIÄ ]pdt¯bv¡v Að¸w Npcpïncn¡póXmbpw ImWmw. IXncpIÄ sNdpXmhpI, IXnÀ ]pdt¯bv¡v hcmXncn¡pI, s\òWnIfpsS Xq¡w IpdbpI, ]Xncmbn t]mhpI Fónhsbñmw tcmKe£W§fmWv. Ce¨mSnIfmWv tcmKImcnbmb sshdÊns\ ]c¯póXv.

s\ñnsâ tcmK\nb{´W¯n\pÅ \nÀt±i§Ä

F. A´Àhym]\tijnbnñm¯ IpanÄ\min\nIÄ

_n. A´Àhym]\tijnbpÅXv

Ipdn¸v:

1. FUns^³t^mkv km[mcW Ipän]¼v D]tbmKn¨vam{Xta Xfn¡mhq (High volume spray).
2. t]mftcmKw, AgpIð Ch hcmXncn¡póXn\v C\n]dbpó {]Xntcm[ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡mhpóXmWv. (F) hf{]tbmK¯nð \nÀt±in¨ coXnbnð th¸n³]n®m¡v ]pc«nb bqdnb tNÀ¯psImSp¡pI, (_n) tcmK_m[ Øncambn ImWpó ]mS§fnð ip]mÀi sNbvXXnepw 50 iXam\w IqSpXð s]m«mjv D]tbmKn¡pI. (kn) If\nb{´Ww IrXykab¯vXsó \S¯Ww.
3. t]mfAgpIð \nb{´n¡póXn\mbn IpanÄ\min\n Xfnt¡ïXv IXnÀ \nc¡pó kab¯mWv.
4. \«v 25 Znhk§Ä¡vtijw slIvSsdmón\v 1 In.{Kmw Fó tXmXnð ImÀt_m^yqdm³ CSpóXv \namhncIsf \nb{´n¡póXn\v ]pdta, t]mftcmKw, t]mfAgpIð Fóo tcmK§Ä Ipdbv¡m\pw klmbn¡pw.
5. t]mftcmK¯n\pw t]mfAgpIen\pw FXnsc IpanÄ\min\n {]tbmKn¨n«pÅ Øe§fnð e£van tcmK¯n\pw, eo^vkvImÄUn\pw {]tXyIacpópXfnbpsS Bhiyw hcnñ.
6. Htc IpanÄ\min\nbpsS Øncamb D]tbmKw Hgnhm¡pI.

kn. Bânt_mb«n¡pIÄ

Un. ssPhoI\nb{´Ww

]vkyqtUmtamWmkv ^vfqdk³kv Fó _mIvSocnb s\ñnsâ IpanÄtcmK§Ä¡pw, _mIvSocnb aqeapïmIpó tcmK§Ä¡psaXnsc ^e{]ZamWv.

IrjnsNehv Ipdbv¡m\pÅ \nÀt±i§Ä

1. Hómwhnfbv¡v \Soð \S¯pó Øe§fnð sUbnô t]mepff ]¨nehfsNSnIÄ G{]nðþsabv amk¯nð hnXbv¡Ww. slIvSdn\v 10 S¬ Fó tXmXnð ssPhhf§Ä tNÀ¡póXv cmkhf§fpsS Afhv 50 iXam\t¯mfw Ipdbv¡m³ klmbn¡pw.
2. Atkmf e`yambpÅ Øe§fnð Imenhf¯n\pw ]¨nebv¡pw ]Icambn Atkmf slIvSdn\v 5 S¬ Fó tXmXnð tNÀ¯mð aXn.
3. \new \ñt]mse DgpXv \nc¸m¡póXv IfIsf \nb{´n¡m\pw shůnsâbpw t]mjI§fptSbpw D]tbmK£aX hÀ²n¸n¡póXn\pw D]Icn¡pw.
4. a[yIme C\§Ä \Spt¼mÄ Hcp NXpc{iaoädnð 50 \pcnIfpw, {lkzImeaq¸pÅ C\§fmsW¦nð 67 \pcnIfpw Dïmbncn¡Ww.
5. Rmdp\SpóXv 3 apXð 4.5 sk.ao. XmgvNbnte BImhq.
6. ImbnIhfÀ¨bpsS L«¯nðXsó If\nb{´Ww \S¯Ww. hnX¨v 30þmw Znhkw BZyIfsbSp¸v \S¯póXmWv D¯aw. em`IcamsWóv ImWpó]£w If\nb{´W¯n\v kky\min\nIÄ D]tbmKn¡mw.
7. slIvSdn\v 10 S¬ ]¨nehfw tNÀ¡pó ]mS§fnð bqdnbbpsS Afhv ip]mÀisNbvXXnsâ 50 iXam\w Ipdbv¡mw. cmkhf§Ä CSpóXv Nn\¸v s]m«pó kab¯pw, ASn¡W]cph¯n\v 7 Znhkw ap¼pw Bbncn¡Ww. CXv cmkhf§fpsS D]tbmK£aX Iq«pw.
8. ag¡me¯v shÅw aqew ASnhf{]tbmKw \S¯m³ km[n¡m¯ kµÀ`§fnð ]mIyP\Iw, £mcw Ch \«v 10 ZnhkamIpt¼mÄ \ðInbmð aXn.
9. taðhf{]tbmK¯n\v Gähpw tbmPn¨kabw ASn¡W]cph¯n\v HcmgvNap¼mWv. {]tXyIn¨pw ]mIyP\Ihf§Ä, C\n¸dbpó coXnIÄ hf¯nsâ D]tbmK£aX Iq«m³ klmbn¡pw.
• AtamWnbmcq]¯nepÅ ]mIyP\Ihfw a®nsâ D]cnXe¯nð hnXdmsX a®pambn Iq«nIeÀ¯Ww.
• bqdnb \\ªa®pambn 1:6 Fó A\p]mX¯nð IeÀ¯n 24 aWn¡qÀ h¨tijw a®nðtNÀ¡póXv ]mIyP\I¯nsâ e`yXIq«phm³ klmbIamWv.
• th¸n³]n®m¡pw, bqdnbbpw Iq«nIeÀ¯n D]tbmKn¡póXpw bqdnbbpsS D]tbmK£aX Iq«pw.

1. hneIpdª cmkhf§Ä D]tbmKn¡pI. DZm: AtamWnbw kÄt^äns\¡mÄ em`w bqdnb D]tbmKn¡póXmWv. kq¸Àt^mkvt^äns\¡mÄ em`w tdm¡vt^mkvt^äv D]tbmKn¡póXmWv.
2. a®nð `mhlw, £mcw Ch \ñt]msebpÅ Øe§fnð cïv hnf IrjnsN¿pt¼mÄ, Hcp hnfbv¡v am{Xw `mhlþ£mchf§Ä C«mð aXnbmIpw.
3. tcmKIoS \nb{´Ww bYmkab§fnð \S¯Ww.
4. s\ñv icnbmb DW¡nðXsó sImbvsXSp¡póXv aWnIÄ s]mgnªphoWv \jvSs¸SpóXv Ipdbv¡phm³ klmbn¡pw. IqSmsX s\ñvIp¯pt¼mÄ In«pó AcnbpsS Afhv hÀ²n¸n¡póXn\pw CXv {]tbmP\s¸Spw.

kwtbmPnX IoS\nb{´Ww

IoS\min\nIfpsS AanXamb D]tbmKw ]cnØnXn aen\oIcW¯n\v ]pdta IoS§fpsS A\nb{´nXamb hwihÀ²\hn\pw Ahbv¡v IoS\min\nIÄs¡XnscbpÅ {]Xntcm[tijn hÀ²n¸n¡póXn\pw CSbm¡nbn«pïv. CXpsImïmWv Ct¸mÄ kwtbmPnX IoS\nb{´W¯n\v IqSpXð {]m[m\yw \ðIn hcpóXv. {]Xntcm[tijnbpÅ C\§fpsS Irjn, \Soð AIew {IaoIcn¡ð, \Soð/hnXkabw {IaoIcn¡ð, kwLIrjn, IrjnapdIfneqsSbpÅ IoS\nb{´Ww, kwtbmPnXhf{]tbmKw, hf\nb{´Ww, ssPhIoS\min\nIfpsS {]tbmKw, an{XIoS§fpsS kwc£Whpw D]tbmKhpw, hnf\jvSw DïmIpóXnepw IqSnbtXmXnepÅ IoS_m[bv¡psaXnsc am{XapÅ cmk\nb{´Ww Chsbñmw DÄs¸SpóXmWv kwtbmPnX IoS\nb{´Ww.

]mS¯v BgvNbnsemcn¡se¦nepw t]mbn IoStcmK \nco£Ww \S¯pI, IoS_m[bpÅ CS§fnð am{Xw acpóv Xfn¡pI, {]Xntcm[tijnbpÅ C\§Ä IrjnsN¿pI, IXnÀ\ncóXn\v tijapÅ acpópXfn Hgnhm¡pI Fóo amÀK§Ä Ahew_n¡póXv s\ðIrjnbnð IoS\min\nIfpsS AanXamb D]tbmKw Hgnhm¡m³ klmbn¡pw.

s\ñnsâ an{XIoS§Ä