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CARDAMOM
Area, production and productivity
Statewise Area & Production of Cardamom (Small) in India
(Area in Hect., Prodn in M.T)
| States | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | 2003-04 | 2004-05 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area | Prodn | Area | Prodn | Area | Prodn | Area | Prodn | Area | Prodn | |
| Kerala | 41288 | 7580 | 41336 | 8380 | 41412 | 8620 | 41332 | 8875 | 41378 | 8671 |
| Karnataka | 25947 | 2100 | 26258 | 2115 | 26644 | 2310 | 26838 | 1740 | 27094 | 1879 |
| Tamil Nadu | 5085 | 800 | 5069 | 870 | 5069 | 930 | 5067 | 965 | 5253 | 920 |
| Total | 72320 | 10480 | 72663 | 11365 | 73125 | 11920 | 73237 | 11580 | 73725 | 11415 |
Source :Spices Board
Area, production and productivity of cardamom in Kerala
| Year | Area, ha | Production, t | Productivity, Kg/ha |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999-00 | 41491 |
6585 |
159 |
| 2000-01 | 41288 |
7580 |
184 |
| 2001-02 | 41336 |
8380 |
203 |
| 2002-03 | 41412 |
8680 |
210 |
| 2003-04 | 41332 |
8875 |
215 |
| 2004-05 | 41378 |
8931 |
216 |
| 2005-06 | 41367 |
9765 |
236 |
| 2006-07 (P) | 41362 |
8545 |
207 |
Source: Statistics for Planning, 2005, Economic Review, 2005, 2007
Till mid 1970s, India had the world monopoly in cardamom production and marketing, supplying 90-95% of the total worlds off take. But by 1980s there was stiff competition from Guatemala and other producing countries. Presently Guatemala is the prime producer and exporter of small cardamom. India's share in the world market is reduced to mere 8%. The productivity of cardamom is as high as 300 kg/ha in Guatemala while it was only up to 208 kg/ha in India. The productivity in India during 1993- 94 was 110 kg/ha and has increased to 195 kg/ha in 2000 – 2001.
District-wise area of cardamom in Kerala, ha
| District | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area | % | Area | % | Area | % | Area | % | |
| Thiruvananthapuram | 5 | 0.01 | 4 | 0.01 | 0.00 | |||
| Kollam | 6 | 0.01 | 7 | 0.02 | 11 | 0.03 | ||
| Pathanamthitta | 664 | 1.6 | 664 | 1.61 | 664 | 1.61 | 664 | 1.60 |
| Kottayam | 200 | 0.5 | 200 | 0.48 | 200 | 0.48 | 200 | 0.48 |
| Idukki | 32667 | 78.7 | 32671 | 79.13 | 32668 | 79.03 | 32743 | 79.07 |
| Palakkad | 2919 | 7.0 | 2921 | 7.07 | 2754 | 6.66 | 2754 | 6.65 |
| Malappuram | 70 | 0.2 | 70 | 0.17 | 70 | 0.17 | 70 | 0.17 |
| Kozhikode | 220 | 0.5 | 220 | 0.53 | 220 | 0.53 | ||
| Wayanad | 4108 | 9.9 | 4108 | 9.95 | 4106 | 9.93 | 4107 | 9.92 |
| Kannur | 128 | 0.3 | 128 | 0.31 | 128 | 0.31 | 128 | 0.31 |
| Kasaragod | 515 | 1.2 | 515 | 1.25 | 515 | 1.25 | 515 | 1.24 |
| State total | 41491 | 100 | 41288 | 100 | 41336 | 100 | 41412 | 100 |
Source: Statistics for Planning, 2005
The area under cardamom in the country has declined from 0.97 lakh ha to 0.73 lakh ha. in the period. In Kerala it has come down from 65,000 ha to 41362 ha. Productivity which was more or less stagnant around 50 kg./ha. in the 1980s has improved to the level of around 203 kg. per ha by 2001 and increased slightly to 208 kg/ha in 2006-07. The share of Kerala in production at the All India level also increased from 28 per cent in 1992-93 to 76 per cent in 2006-07. Major cardamom growing district in Kerala is Idukki, which accounts about 79% of the total area in Kerala.
District-wise production of processed cardamom in Kerala, t
| District | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathanamthitta | 61 | 0.93 | 67 | 0.88 | 77 | 0.92 | 78 | 0.90 |
| Kottayam | 21 | 0.32 | 21 | 0.28 | 24 | 0.29 | 24 | 0.28 |
| Idukki | 6077 | 92.29 | 7072 | 93.30 | 7788 | 92.94 | 8057 | 92.82 |
| Palakkad | 180 | 2.73 | 176 | 2.32 | 190 | 2.27 | 201 | 2.32 |
| Malappuram | 3 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Wayanad | 245 | 3.72 | 244 | 3.22 | 300 | 3.58 | 317 | 3.65 |
| Kasaragod | 1 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| State total | 6585 | 100 | 7580 | 100 | 8380 | 100 | 8680 | 100 |
Source: Statistics for Planning, 2005
In terms of production about 93 % of the production of cardamom in Kerala is from Idukki district.
Production Share
India is the second largest producer of small cardamom next to Guatemala. It is grown in three states, viz., Kerala (56%), Karnataka (37%) and Tamil Nadu (7%). However, Kerala contributes more than three-fourths of the total production (See Table 3.1). Karnataka and Tamil Nadu account for 16% and 8% of the production respectively.
State wise area and production of cardamom (small) in India
| States | Area (in ha.) | Production (in MTs) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Kerala | Karnataka | Tamil Nadu | Total | Kerala | Karnataka | Tamil Nadu | Total |
| 2000-01 | 41288 (57.09) | 25947 (35.88) | 5085 (7.03) | 72320 (100.00) | 7580 (72.33) | 2100 (20.04) | 800 (7.63) | 10480 (100.00) |
| 2001-02 | 41336 (56.89) | 26258 (36.14) | 5059 (6.96) | 72663 (100.00) | 8380 (73.74) | 2115 (18.61) | 870 (7.66) | 11365 (100.00) |
| 2002-03 | 41412 (56.63) | 26644 (36.44) | 5069 (6.93) | 73125 (100.00) | 8680 (72.82) | 2310 (19.38) | 930 (7.80) | 11920 (100.00) |
| 2003-04 | 41332 (56.44) | 26838 (36.65) | 5067 (6.92) | 73237 (100.00) | 8875 (76.64) | 1740 (15.03) | 965 (8.33) | 11580 (100.00) |
| 2004-05 | 41378 (56.12) | 27094 (36.75) | 5253 (7.13) | 73725 (100.00) | 8616 (75.48) | 1879 (16.46) | 920 (8.06) | 11415 (100.00) |
Note: Figures in parenthesis are percentage shares of the producing states.
Source: http:// www.indianspices.com
• Production decreased marginally from 11920 MT in 2002-03 to 11415 MT in 2004-05
• Kerala (75%), Karnataka (16.5%) and Tamil Nadu (8%) are the main cardamom producing States in India.
Last updated: 20-05-2008
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